The role of sol-gel method and doping Ba in the drastic reduction of the annealing time and the improvement of the coupling between grains of Bi1.6Pb0.4 Sr2-xBaxCa2Cu3Oy superconductor

In this study, the Bi1.6Pb0.4Sr2-xBaxCa2Cu3Oy superconductors with x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, and 0.3 were synthesized at annealing times of 32, 48, 64 h using a sol-gel method. Then, effect Ba doped, times, ac magnetic fields, frequencies in improvement coupling between grains (BPSBCC) studied. To determine temperature, TGA analysis 0.0 was performed. The structural susceptibility prepared samples characterized X-ray diffraction, an susceptometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). results indicated that stability value 0.2 845 °C for 48 have been increased.